Those without an SSN can use an ITIN to file taxes. If you are on an H1B visa and have not yet submitted the I-140, your spouse on an H4 visa cannot apply for an EAD card or an SSN. However, they can apply for an ITIN and choose the Married Filing Jointly status.
ITIN (Individual Taxpayer Identification Number) is a tax identification number issued by the IRS, primarily for individuals who are not eligible to apply for a Social Security Number (SSN) but still need to pay taxes in the United States.
Students without an SSN also need an ITIN if they need to file taxes.
